Habituation of Fear—Israeli-Jewish Population during Protracted Belligerence

Meytal Eran-Jona, Roni Tiargan-Orr, Stephen Z. Levine, Yehiel Limor, Mordechai Schenhav and Uzi Ben-Shalom ()
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Meytal Eran-Jona: Feinberg Graduate School, Weizman Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
Roni Tiargan-Orr: Department of Behavioral Sciences (MAMDA), Israel Defence Forces (IDF), Tel Aviv, Israel
Stephen Z. Levine: School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
Yehiel Limor: School of Communication, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
Mordechai Schenhav: Hebrew and Jewish Studies Department, University of Strasbourg, CS 90032 Strasbourg, France
Uzi Ben-Shalom: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-12

Abstract: The identification of demographic factors of vulnerability and resilience in communities facing belligerent conflicts is increasingly relevant today. This representative study aims to examine the effect of protracted violence on the level of fear of the overall Israeli-Jewish population, and the role of the conflict on the connection between socio-economic factors and fears. Sixty-six representative samples were identified and surveyed from 2001 to 2019 ( n = 37,190) that occurred during ( n = 14,362) and between ( n = 22,828) seven conflicts and non-conflict periods. Results show that during military conflicts, civilians declared less fears of physical injury comparing routine time; a slow trend of decline in the level of fears over time was observed; during routine periods, fear was associated with female-gender and with the lowest income level group. Ultra-orthodox and Religious respondents had significantly less fear than the secular and traditional respondents. During military conflicts, the results changed significantly, mainly for the lowest income group, women and ultra-orthodox.

Keywords: fears; low intensity conflict; public opinion; Israel; resiliency; COR theory (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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