Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study in Western Mexico

Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona, Gabino Cervantes-Guevara, Enrique Cervantes-Pérez, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco, Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho, Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano, Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez, María Fernanda Zarate-Casas, Fanny Yesenia González-Ponce, Kriscia Vanessa Ascencio-Díaz, Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba, Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez, Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez and Alejandro González-Ojeda ()
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Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona: Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
Gabino Cervantes-Guevara: Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Mexico
Enrique Cervantes-Pérez: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Calle Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
María Fernanda Zarate-Casas: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Fanny Yesenia González-Ponce: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Kriscia Vanessa Ascencio-Díaz: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
Alejandro González-Ojeda: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-11

Abstract: Social isolation and school closure may predispose adolescents to higher prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress. In this cross-sectional observational study, the validated Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was administered to 3112 students aged 14–22 years old. We also collected data on participant gender, age group, school shift (morning or afternoon), school year, family type, whether they or any first-degree relative had been infected with COVID-19, whether any family member had died of COVID-19, and whether either of their parents worked. Mean scores were 8.34 ± 6.33 for depression, 7.75 ± 5.89 for anxiety, and 10.26 ± 5.84 for stress. Female students presented significantly higher scores on all three measures compared with male students. Students who had been infected with COVID-19, who had an infected family member, or who had a family member who died of COVID-19 also presented higher scores on all three measures. Identifying the symptoms and warning signs of depression and anxiety disorders is critical, particularly in vulnerable populations like adolescents.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; stress; high school; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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