Temporal Trend of Gestational Syphilis between 2008 and 2018 in Brazil: Association with Socioeconomic and Health Care Factors

Janmilli da Costa Dantas (), Cristiane da Silva Ramos Marinho, Yago Tavares Pinheiro and Richardson Augusto Rosendo da Silva
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Janmilli da Costa Dantas: Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-630, Brazil
Cristiane da Silva Ramos Marinho: Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 59078-900, Brazil
Yago Tavares Pinheiro: Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-630, Brazil
Richardson Augusto Rosendo da Silva: Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-630, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 24, 1-14

Abstract: The increased number of cases in recent years has turned syphilis into a global public health problem. In 2020, 115,371 cases of acquired syphilis were reported (detection rate of 54.5 cases/100,000 inhabitants) in Brazil. In that same period, the country notified 61,441 cases of gestational syphilis (detection rate of 21.6 per 1000 live births). The number of syphilis cases points to the need to reinforce surveillance, prevention, and infection control actions, which is a worrying scenario for government organizations. This study aims to describe the temporal trend of gestational syphilis from 2008 to 2018 in Brazilian regions and to associate its detection rate with socioeconomic and health care indicators. We conducted an ecological study of temporal trends using secondary data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The temporal trend was analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression program. The annual percent change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated and tested; statistical significance was assessed using the Monte Carlo permutation test. Correlations were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and statistical significance was calculated using Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The gestational syphilis detection rate increased between 2008 and 2018. The South region showed the greatest trend, whereas the Midwest region presented the lowest trend. The following variables were significantly correlated with the gestational syphilis detection rate: Municipal Human Development Index, illiteracy rate, percentage of primary health care coverage, and proportion of doctors, nurses, and basic health units per inhabitant. Health policies are needed to mitigate social vulnerabilities and strengthen primary health care.

Keywords: syphilis; prenatal care; pregnancy; communicable diseases; Treponema pallidum (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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