Phytoextraction Potential of Sunn Hemp, Sunflower, and Marigold for Carbaryl Contamination: Hydroponic Experiment

Najjapak Sooksawat, Duangrat Inthorn (), Apisit Chittawanij, Alisa Vangnai, Pornpimol Kongtip and Susan Woskie
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Najjapak Sooksawat: Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
Duangrat Inthorn: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Apisit Chittawanij: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
Alisa Vangnai: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Pornpimol Kongtip: Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Susan Woskie: Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 24, 1-20

Abstract: The phytoextraction ability and responses of sunn hemp, sunflower, and marigold plants were investigated toward carbaryl insecticide at 10 mg L −1 and its degradative product (1-naphthol). All test plants exhibited significant carbaryl removal capability (65–93%) with different mechanisms. Marigold had the highest translocation factor, with carbaryl taken up, translocated and accumulated in the shoots, where it was biotransformed into 1-naphthol. Consequently, marigold had the least observable toxicity symptoms caused by carbaryl and the highest bioconcentration factor (1848), indicating its hyperaccumulating capability. Sunflower responded to carbaryl exposure differently, with the highest carbaryl accumulation (8.7 mg kg −1 ) in roots within 4 days of cultivation, leading to a partial toxicity effect. Sunn hemp exhibited severe toxicity, having the highest carbaryl accumulation (91.7 mg kg −1 ) that was biotransformed to 1-naphthol in the sunn hemp shoots. In addition, the different models were discussed on plant hormone formation in response to carbaryl exposure.

Keywords: flower plants; toxicity; bioaccumulation; carbaryl (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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