Novel Insight into Non-Genetic Risk Factors of Graves’ Orbitopathy

Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska, Bartłomiej Stasiak, Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Andrzej Lewiński and Magdalena Stasiak ()
Additional contact information
Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Bartłomiej Stasiak: Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 215 Wolczanska St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Andrzej Lewiński: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Magdalena Stasiak: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 24, 1-11

Abstract: An assessment of the risk of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an important challenge in Graves’ disease (GD) management. The purpose of this study was to compare non-genetic parameters in GD patients with and without GO in order to find novel risk factors and to verify the factors already reported. A total number of 161 people, 70 with GO and 91 non-GO patients were included in this study. GO was confirmed to be associated with smoking, older age, higher TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) and lower thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels and hypercholesterolemia. We demonstrated the latter correlation even for only a mild increase in LDL cholesterol. Importantly, our study provides novel potential GO risk factors, including higher serum creatinine levels, higher MCV and lower PLT. If further confirmed, these new, simple and easily accessible potential GO markers may constitute valuable auxiliary markers in GO risk assessments. We additionally proved that in moderate to severe GO, gender-related differences attenuate. No impact of vitamin D deficiency in GO development in patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] > 20 ng/mL was found. The present report provides a set of GO risk factors, which can be used as a precise tool for an individual GO risk assessment.

Keywords: Graves’ orbitopathy; Graves’ disease; autoimmunity; TSH receptor antibodies; risk factors; LDL cholesterol; creatinine; oxidative stress (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16941/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16941/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16941-:d:1005831

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().