Analysis of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Psychophysiological Variables in Basketball Athletes

Marina Pavão Battaglini, Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho, Sandra Leal Calais, Maria Cristina Oliveira Santos Miyazaki, Cassiano Merussi Neiva, Mário C. Espada, Mayra Grava de Moraes () and Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi
Additional contact information
Marina Pavão Battaglini: Graduate Program in Developmental Psychology and Learning, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho: LAPEEF, LABOREH and MEFE Laboratories, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
Sandra Leal Calais: Graduate Program in Developmental Psychology and Learning, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
Maria Cristina Oliveira Santos Miyazaki: Department of Psicology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
Cassiano Merussi Neiva: LAPEEF, LABOREH and MEFE Laboratories, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
Mário C. Espada: Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal (ESE-CIEF, ESTSetúbal-CDP2T), 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
Mayra Grava de Moraes: Graduate Program in Developmental Psychology and Learning, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi: Graduate Program in Developmental Psychology and Learning, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 24, 1-11

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a progressive muscle relaxation program on psychological (stress levels, anxiety, and mood states) and physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) variables in basketball athletes. Fifty-nine basketball players, aged 14 to 19 years, and members of Bauru Basket team, were recruited for this study and grouped into control group (CG, n = 30) and intervention group (IG, n = 29). The participants were evaluated, before and after the intervention, by the following means: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), to measure the pre-competitive anxiety state, i.e., how anxious each athlete felt just before the competition; Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), an instrument for early detection of overtraining syndrome; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), to identify the extent to which each athlete was physically or mentally stressed and the athlete’s current capability for recovery; Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), specifically developed for athletes. The IG athletes participated in 12 progressive muscle relaxation sessions, a practice for tensing or tightening a specific muscle until an ideal state of relaxation is reached. Each participant had blood pressure and heart rate measured before and after every session. The CG athletes were evaluated similarly to those in the IG but without relaxation. The results showed statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety ( p = 0.039) and specific stress ( p = 0.016) between CG and IG before the intervention; in addition, a significant heart rate decrease ( p < 0.01) between IG and CG was noted.

Keywords: progressive muscle relaxation; anxiety; mood states; stress; athletes; heart hate; blood pressure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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