Transfer of Metal(loid)s from Soil to Leaves and Trunk Xylem Sap of Medicinal Plants and Possible Health Risk Assessment

Ana C. Gomes Rosa, Elaine S. de Pádua Melo, Ademir S. A. Junior, Jacqueline M. S. Gondim, Alexsandro G. de Sousa, Claudia A. L. Cardoso, Lucilene F. Viana, Alexandra M. A. Carvalho, David J. Machate and Valter Aragão do Nascimento
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Ana C. Gomes Rosa: Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
Elaine S. de Pádua Melo: Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
Ademir S. A. Junior: Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
Jacqueline M. S. Gondim: Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
Alexsandro G. de Sousa: Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Campus de Itapetinga, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, BR 415, KM 03, S/Nº, Primavera, Itapetinga 45700-000, Brazil
Claudia A. L. Cardoso: Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, UEMS, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
Lucilene F. Viana: Programa de Pos-Graduacao EM Ciencias e Tecnologia Ambiental (CTA), Faculdade de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia—FACET, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) Cidade Universitaria, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
Alexandra M. A. Carvalho: Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
David J. Machate: Graduate Program in Sciences of Materials, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
Valter Aragão do Nascimento: Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 2, 1-18

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate metal(loid)s in soils, in the trunk xylem sap and in the leaves of the Dipteryx alata plant located near the highway with high vehicle traffic in agricultural regions and near landfills, and to assess the transfer of metal(loid)s from soil to plant and possible health risk assessment. Trunk xylem sap, leaves and soil samples were collected at three sites near the highway. The analysis of trace elements was carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). In the three soil sampling sites far from the highway edge, 15 elements were quantified. The concentrations of elements in the soil presented in greater proportions in the distance of 5 m in relation to 20 and 35 m. The metal(loid)s content in the study soil was higher than in other countries. The concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Se and Zn in the xylem sap were much higher than the leaves. The values of transfer factor of P, Mg and Mn from soil to the xylem sap and transfer factor of P from soil to leaf were greater than 1, indicating that the specie have a significant phytoremediation and phytoextraction potential. This plant has a tendency to accumulate As, Cd and Cr in its leaf tissues. The chronic hazard index (HI) values recorded in this study were above 1 for adults and adolescents. It is concluded that the soil, the trunk xylem sap and leaves of this plant are contaminated by heavy metals. Ingestion of the trunk xylem sap of this plant can cause toxicity in humans if ingested in large quantities and in the long term; therefore, its consumption should be avoided.

Keywords: vehicular traffic; metal(loid)s; landfill; highway; trunk xylem sap; medicinal plants; health effects; Dipteryx alata Vog (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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