Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries in Adult Patients: A Narrative Synthesis

Man-Long Chung, Manuel Widdel, Julian Kirchhoff, Julia Sellin, Mohieddine Jelali, Franziska Geiser, Martin Mücke and Rupert Conrad
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Man-Long Chung: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
Manuel Widdel: Institute of Product Development and Engineering De sign, Technische Hochschule Köln, 50679 Cologne, Germany
Julian Kirchhoff: Institute of Product Development and Engineering De sign, Technische Hochschule Köln, 50679 Cologne, Germany
Julia Sellin: Department of Digitalization and General Practice, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Mohieddine Jelali: Institute of Product Development and Engineering De sign, Technische Hochschule Köln, 50679 Cologne, Germany
Franziska Geiser: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
Martin Mücke: Department of Digitalization and General Practice, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Rupert Conrad: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: Pressure injuries remain a serious health complication for patients and nursing staff. Evidence from the past decade has not been analysed through narrative synthesis yet. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other reviews/sources were screened. Risk of bias was evaluated using a slightly modified QUIPS tool. Risk factor domains were used to assign (non)statistically independent risk factors. Hence, 67 studies with 679,660 patients were included. In low to moderate risk of bias studies, non-blanchable erythema reliably predicted pressure injury stage 2. Factors influencing mechanical boundary conditions, e.g., higher interface pressure or BMI < 18.5, as well as factors affecting interindividual susceptibility (male sex, older age, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes, hypotension, low physical activity, existing pressure injuries) and treatment-related aspects, such as length of stay in intensive care units, were identified as possible risk factors for pressure injury development. Health care professionals’ evidence-based knowledge of above-mentioned risk factors is vital to ensure optimal prevention and/or treatment. Openly accessible risk factors, e.g., sex, age, BMI, pre-existing diabetes, and non-blanchable erythema, can serve as yellow flags for pressure injury development. Close communication concerning further risk factors, e.g., anemia, hypoalbuminemia, or low physical activity, may optimize prevention and/or treatment. Further high-quality evidence is warranted.

Keywords: narrative synthesis; pressure injury; prevention; treatment; risk factors; systematic review (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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