Impact of Income and Industry on New-Onset Diabetes among Employees: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Reiko Ishihara, Akira Babazono, Ning Liu and Reiko Yamao
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Reiko Ishihara: Department of Healthcare Management, College of Healthcare Management, Miyama 835-0018, Japan
Akira Babazono: Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
Ning Liu: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
Reiko Yamao: Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-14

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of income and industry type on the risk of developing diabetes among Japanese workers, including how this impact is affected by sex. A total of 24,516 employees at small- and medium-sized enterprises in Japan aged 40–74 years who underwent health examinations in fiscal years 2010–2015 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Generalized linear regression models were used to assess the association between new-onset diabetes and income and industry. In men, the cumulative incidence rate was significantly higher in the low-income group; it was highest in the transportation and postal service industries. Although income and industry were independent risk factors for developing diabetes in men, an interaction was found between income and industry, which was affected by participants’ sex: in specific industries (i.e., lifestyle-related, personal services, and entertainment services), men had a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes in the high-income group, and women had a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes in the low-income group. These findings highlight important factors to consider in assessing diabetes risk and suggest that efficient primary and secondary prevention should be encouraged in industries where workers have a high risk of diabetes.

Keywords: new-onset diabetes; employees; industry; income; socioeconomic status (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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