Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin, Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra, Tassiane Cristina Morais, Isabella Portugal, Jorge de Oliveira Echeimberg, André Evaristo Marcondes Cesar, Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti, Lucas Cauê Jacintho, Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo, Khalifa Elmusharaf, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira and Luiz Carlos de Abreu
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Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin: School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra: School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitoria 29045-402, Brazil
Tassiane Cristina Morais: School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitoria 29045-402, Brazil
Isabella Portugal: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Jorge de Oliveira Echeimberg: Laboratory of Studies Design and Scientific Writing, Postgraduate Division, University Center FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, Brazil
André Evaristo Marcondes Cesar: School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti: School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Lucas Cauê Jacintho: Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo: Laboratory of Studies Design and Scientific Writing, Postgraduate Division, University Center FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, Brazil
Khalifa Elmusharaf: School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Carlos Eduardo Siqueira: School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Luiz Carlos de Abreu: School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-16

Abstract: Amazonas suffered greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality and fatality rates soared and scarcity of oxygen and healthcare supplies led the health system and funerary services to collapse. Thus, we analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and lethality indicators of COVID-19 and the dynamics of their main determinants in the state of Amazonas from March 2020 to June 2021. This is a time-series ecological study. We calculated the lethality, mortality, and incidence rates with official and public data from the Health Department. We used the Prais–Winsten regression and trends were classified as stationary, increasing, or decreasing. The effective reproduction number (Rt) was also estimated. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. We extracted 396,772 cases of and 13,420 deaths from COVID-19; 66% of deaths were in people aged over 60; 57% were men. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common comorbidity (28.84%), followed by diabetes (25.35%). Rural areas reported 53% of the total cases and 31% of the total deaths. The impact of COVID-19 in the Amazon is not limited to the direct effects of the pandemic itself; it may present characteristics of a syndemic due to the interaction of COVID-19 with pre-existing illnesses, endemic diseases, and social vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Amazonas; COVID-19; incidence; lethality; mortality; trends (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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