COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy or Acceptance and Its Associated Factors: Findings from Post-Vaccination Cross-Sectional Survey from Punjab Pakistan

Rubeena Zakar, Ain ul Momina, Sara Shahzad, Mahwish Hayee, Ruhma Shahzad and Muhammad Zakria Zakar
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Rubeena Zakar: Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Ain ul Momina: Health Service Delivery in Punjab, King Edward Medical University and Oxford Policy Management, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Sara Shahzad: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
Mahwish Hayee: Oxford Policy Management, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Ruhma Shahzad: Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Muhammad Zakria Zakar: Vice Chancellor Office, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: COVID-19 has posed massive challenges related to health, economy, and the social fabric of the entire human population. To curb the spread of the virus, the Government of Pakistan initiated a vaccination campaign against COVID-19. The objective of this research was to assess the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. The data were collected telephonically using a cross-sectional survey design through a close-ended structured questionnaire from a sample of 1325 vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals with a response rate of 38%. SPSS v. 26 was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that 73% of the respondents were male, half in the 40–49 age group, 78% living in urban areas, and 45% had a monthly income between 20,001–50,000 Pakistani rupees. People felt reluctant to get vaccinated because of myths and misinformation related to it. The socio-demographic factors including male, age 60–69, middle or higher level of education, marital status, currently employed, from middle socio-economic status, living in urban areas, high access to mass media, history of influenza vaccination, physical activity, and perceived good health status were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Concerted efforts are needed to achieve vaccine targets for the broader population through understanding and identifying barriers to vaccination.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; hesitancy; acceptance; access to mass media; chronic diseases; allergies; lifestyle factors; self-reported health status (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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