Changes in Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure among Cigarette Smokers Transitioning to ENDS Use: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2013–2015

Gabriella M. Anic, Brian L. Rostron, Hoda T. Hammad, Dana M. van Bemmel, Arseima Y. Del Valle-Pinero, Carol H. Christensen, Gladys Erives, Lisa M. Faulcon, Benjamin C. Blount, Yuesong Wang, Lanqing Wang, Deepak Bhandari, Antonia M. Calafat, Heather L. Kimmel, Colm D. Everard, Wilson M. Compton, Kathryn C. Edwards, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Binnian Wei, Andrew Hyland, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Stephen S. Hecht, Raymond S. Niaura, Nicolette Borek, Bridget K. Ambrose and Cindy M. Chang
Additional contact information
Gabriella M. Anic: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Brian L. Rostron: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Hoda T. Hammad: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Dana M. van Bemmel: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Arseima Y. Del Valle-Pinero: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Carol H. Christensen: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Gladys Erives: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Lisa M. Faulcon: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Benjamin C. Blount: Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Yuesong Wang: Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Lanqing Wang: Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Deepak Bhandari: Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Antonia M. Calafat: Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Heather L. Kimmel: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Colm D. Everard: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Wilson M. Compton: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Kathryn C. Edwards: Behavioral Health and Health Policy, Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
Maciej L. Goniewicz: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
Binnian Wei: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
Andrew Hyland: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
Dorothy K. Hatsukami: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Stephen S. Hecht: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Raymond S. Niaura: College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
Nicolette Borek: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Bridget K. Ambrose: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Cindy M. Chang: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-13

Abstract: Limited data are available for how biomarkers of tobacco exposure (BOE) change when cigarette smokers transition to using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Using biomarker data from Waves 1 (2013–2014) and 2 (2014–2015) of the PATH Study, we examined how mean BOE concentrations, including metabolites of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) and metals, changed when 2475 adult smokers transitioned to using ENDS or quit tobacco products. Exclusive smokers who transitioned to dual use had a significant decrease in NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol), but not nicotine metabolites, most PAHs, metals, or VOCs. Exclusive smokers who became dual users had significant reductions in total nicotine equivalents, NNAL, and 2CyEMA (acrylonitrile metabolite), but only in those who reduced cigarettes per day (CPD) by >=50%. Smokers who transitioned to exclusive ENDS use had significant reductions in most TSNAs, PAHs, and VOCs; however, nicotine metabolites did not decrease in dual users who became exclusive ENDS users. Smokers who quit tobacco use had significant decreases in nicotine metabolites, all TSNAs, most PAHs, and most VOCs. Cigarette smokers who became dual users did not experience significant reductions in most BOEs. Reductions were impacted by changes in CPD. However, transitioning from smoking to no tobacco or exclusive ENDS use was associated with reduced exposure to most BOEs measured. Future analyses could incorporate additional waves of PATH data and examine changes in biomarker exposure by ENDS device type and CPD.

Keywords: tobacco; cigarettes; e-cigarettes; electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS); biomarkers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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