Urinary Incontinence and Its Association with Physical and Psycho-Cognitive Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older People Living in Nursing Homes

Pau Farrés-Godayol, Javier Jerez-Roig, Eduard Minobes-Molina, Meltem Yildirim, Miriam Molas-Tuneu, Anna Escribà-Salvans, Sandra Rierola-Fochs, Montse Romero-Mas, Miriam Torres-Moreno, Laura Coll-Planas, Joanne Booth and Maria Giné-Garriga
Additional contact information
Pau Farrés-Godayol: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Javier Jerez-Roig: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Eduard Minobes-Molina: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Meltem Yildirim: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Miriam Molas-Tuneu: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Anna Escribà-Salvans: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Sandra Rierola-Fochs: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Montse Romero-Mas: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Miriam Torres-Moreno: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Laura Coll-Planas: Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcome of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
Joanne Booth: Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
Maria Giné-Garriga: Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common geriatric syndrome affecting bladder health and is especially prevalent in nursing homes (NHs). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of UI and its associated factors in five Spanish NHs. UI (measured with Minimum Data Set 3.0), sociodemographic, and health-related variables were collected. Chi-square (or Fisher’s) or Student’s t -test (or Mann Whitney U) for bivariate analysis were used, with Prevalence Ratio (PR) as an association measure. The prevalence of UI was 66.1% (CI:95%, 53.6–77.2) in incontinent ( n = 45, mean age 84.04, SD = 7.7) and continent ( n = 23, mean age 83.00, SD = 7.7) groups. UI was significantly associated with frailty (PR = 1.84; 95%CI 0.96–3.53), faecal incontinence (PR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.02–2.65), anxiety (PR = 1.64; 95%CI 1.01–2.66), physical performance (PR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.00–3.11), and cognitive state (PR = 1.95; 95%CI 1.05–3.60). Statistically significant differences were found between incontinent and continent NH residents for limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), mobility, quality of life, sedentary behaviour, and handgrip strength. It can be concluded that two out of three of the residents experienced UI, and significant associated factors were mainly physical (sedentary behaviour, frailty, physical performance, ADL limitations, mobility, faecal incontinence, and handgrip strength) followed by psycho-cognitive factors (cognition, anxiety, and quality of life).

Keywords: older people; nursing home; incontinence; urinary incontinence; pelvic health; sedentary behaviour; physical health; faecal incontinence; low urinary tract symptoms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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