Assessment of Human Exposure Levels Due to Mobile Phone Antennas in 5G Networks

Marta Bonato, Laura Dossi, Silvia Gallucci, Martina Benini, Gabriella Tognola and Marta Parazzini
Additional contact information
Marta Bonato: Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy
Laura Dossi: Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy
Silvia Gallucci: Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy
Martina Benini: Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy
Gabriella Tognola: Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy
Marta Parazzini: Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-12

Abstract: The recent deployment of 5G networks is bringing benefits to the population but it is also raising public concern about human RF-EMF exposure levels. This is particularly relevant considering the next 5G mobile devices, which are placed in close proximity to the subjects. Therefore, the aim of the following paper is focused on expanding the knowledge of the exposure levels in 5G exposure scenarios, specifically for mobile applications, using computational methods. The mobile antenna was designed considering the 5G technology innovations (i.e., mm-wave spectrum, beamforming capability, high gain and wide coverage), resulting in a phased-array antenna with eight elements at the working frequency of 27 GHz. To assess the exposure levels, different types of skin models with different grades of details and layers were considered. Furthermore, not only was the presence of a mobile phone user simulated, but also that of a person in their proximity, who could be hit by the main beam of the phased-array antenna. All the simulations were conducted in Sim4Life platform, where the exposure levels were assessed in terms of absorbed power density averaged over 4 cm 2 and 1 cm 2 , following the ICNIRP guidelines. The results highlighted that the use of the homogeneous skin model led to the absorbed power density peaks being greatly underestimated, with respect to those obtained in multilayer skin models. Furthermore, interestingly, we found that the exposure levels obtained for the person passing nearby were slightly higher than those experienced by the mobile phone user himself. Finally, using the allowed input power for real mobile applications, all the values remained below the limits indicated by the ICNIRP guidelines.

Keywords: human exposure; mm-wave spectrum; 5G networks; 5G mobile phased-array antenna; deterministic dosimetry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1546/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1546/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1546-:d:738087

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().