Effect of Physical Training on Body Composition in Brazilian Military

Luis Alberto Gobbo, Raquel David Langer, Elisabetta Marini, Roberto Buffa, Juliano Henrique Borges, Mauro A. Pascoa, Vagner X. Cirolini, Gil Guerra-Júnior and Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves
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Luis Alberto Gobbo: Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), School of Technology and Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil
Raquel David Langer: Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil
Elisabetta Marini: Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
Roberto Buffa: Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
Juliano Henrique Borges: Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil
Mauro A. Pascoa: Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil
Vagner X. Cirolini: Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil
Gil Guerra-Júnior: Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil
Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves: Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-11

Abstract: The military are selected on the basis of physical standards and are regularly involved in strong physical activities, also related to particular sports training. The aims of the study were to analyze the effect of a 7-month military training program on body composition variables and the suitability of specific ‘bioelectrical impedance vector analysis’ (spBIVA), compared to DXA, to detect the changes in body composition. A sample of 270 male Brazilian cadets (19.1 ± 1.1 years), composed of a group practicing military physical training routine only (MT = 155) and a group involved in a specific sport training (SMT = 115), were measured by body composition assessments (evaluated by means of DXA and spBIVA) at the beginning and the end of the military routine year. The effect of training on body composition was similar in SMT and MT groups, with an increase in LST. DXA and spBIVA were correlated, with specific resistance (Rsp) and reactance (Xcsp) positively related to fat mass (FM), FM%, LST, and lean soft tissue index (LSTI), and phase angle positively related to LST and LSTI. Body composition variations due to physical training were recognized by spBIVA: the increase in muscle mass was indicated by the phase angle and Xcsp increase, and the stability of FM% was consistent with the unchanged values of Rsp. Military training produced an increase in muscle mass, but no change in FM%, independently of the sample characteristics at baseline and the practice of additional sports. SpBIVA is a suitable technique for the assessment of body composition in military people.

Keywords: bioelectrical impedance; vector analysis; lean soft tissue; fat mass; muscle mass; phase angle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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