222 Rn and 226 Ra Concentrations in Spring Water and Their Dose Assessment Due to Ingestion Intake

Ryohei Yamada, Masahiro Hosoda, Tomomi Tabe, Yuki Tamakuma, Takahito Suzuki, Kevin Kelleher, Takakiyo Tsujiguchi, Yoshiki Tateyama, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Anna Okano, Yuki Narumi, Chutima Kranrod, Hirofumi Tazoe, Kazuki Iwaoka, Yumi Yasuoka, Naofumi Akata, Tetsuya Sanada and Shinji Tokonami
Additional contact information
Ryohei Yamada: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Masahiro Hosoda: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Tomomi Tabe: School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Yuki Tamakuma: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Takahito Suzuki: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Kevin Kelleher: Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Takakiyo Tsujiguchi: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Yoshiki Tateyama: School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Eka Djatnika Nugraha: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Anna Okano: School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Yuki Narumi: School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Chutima Kranrod: Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Hirofumi Tazoe: Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Kazuki Iwaoka: National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-0024, Japan
Yumi Yasuoka: Radioisotope Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658–8558, Japan
Naofumi Akata: Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
Tetsuya Sanada: Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo 006-8585, Japan
Shinji Tokonami: Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-11

Abstract: 222 Rn and 226 Ra concentrations of less than a few to several thousands of Bq L − 1 have been observed in several underground bodies of water around the world. Although regulations for these concentrations in water have been implemented internationally, there are currently no regulations in place in Japan. However, concentrations that exceed these internationally recognized regulatory values have also been observed in Japan. In this study, concentrations in spring water in the northern part of Japan were measured and the effective dose from intake of the water was evaluated. 222 Rn concentrations were measured using a liquid scintillation counter, and 226 Ra concentrations were measured using a high purity germanium detector after chemical preparation. The measured 222 Rn concentrations (=12.7 ± 6.1 Bq L −1 ) and 226 Ra concentrations (<0.019–0.022 Bq L −1 ) did not exceed the reference values set by international and European/American organizations. A conservative estimate of the annual effective ingestion dose of 8 μSv for 222 Rn and 226 Ra obtained in this study is much smaller than the estimated overall annual effective dose of 2.2 mSv from natural radiation to the Japanese population. However, this dosage accounts for 8% of the WHO individual dosing criteria of 0.1 mSv/year for drinking water.

Keywords: 222 Rn; 226 Ra; spring water; activity concentration; dose assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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