Electrochemical Disinfection of Simulated Ballast Water Using RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti Electrode

Sivasankar Annamalai, Cybelle Concepcion Futalan and Yeonghee Ahn
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Sivasankar Annamalai: Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
Cybelle Concepcion Futalan: Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 4031, Philippines
Yeonghee Ahn: Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-11

Abstract: The present work investigated the treatment of ballast water via electrochemical disinfection using a RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti electrode. Batch tests were conducted with simulated ballast water containing Escherichia coli as an indicator organism. The effect of varying NaCl concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%; w/v ) and current densities (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mA/cm 2 ) on the inactivation of E. coli was examined. Results showed higher disinfection efficiency of E. coli was obtained at higher NaCl concentration and current density. Complete inactivation of E. coli was attained within 2 and 1 min at 0.3 and 1 mA/cm 2 , respectively, under 3% NaCl concentration. Meanwhile, complete disinfection at 1 and 2% NaCl concentrations was observed in 6 and 2 min, respectively, using a current density of 0.3 mA/cm 2 . The 100% inactivation of E. coli was achieved with an energy consumption in the range of 2.8 to 2.9 Wh/m 3 under the NaCl concentrations at 1 mA/cm 2 and 1 min of electrolysis time. The complete disinfection attained within 1 min meets the D-2 standard (<250 CFU E. coli /100 mL) of ballast water under the International Maritime Organization. The values of energy consumption of the present work are lower than previous reports on the inactivation of E. coli from simulated ballast water.

Keywords: ballast water; E. coli; electroactive chlorine species; electrochemical disinfection; RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti electrode (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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