The Impact of Vitamin D Status on COVID-19 Severity among Hospitalized Patients in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Taqwa Bushnaq, Fadiyah Algethami, Alaa Qadhi, Reham Mustafa, Khloud Ghafouri, Wedad Azhar and Asma Al Malki
Additional contact information
Taqwa Bushnaq: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Fadiyah Algethami: Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Alaa Qadhi: Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Reham Mustafa: Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Khloud Ghafouri: Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Wedad Azhar: Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Umm Al-Qura, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Asma Al Malki: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 3, 1-11

Abstract: The coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads continuously worldwide. The new vaccines and drugs have been approved. The prevention of disease is crucial, and some studies reveal the promising effect of alternative therapies such as vitamin D supplementations on COVID-19 prevention, but they still require sufficient evidence. Therefore, the current retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study aims to determine the primary association between the vitamin D status of hospitalized COVID-19 and its severity as well as mortality. A total of 197 COVID-19 were admitted at King Faisal Hospital, Al Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, and at Complex King Faisal Hospital in Taif in the Westering region of Saudi Arabia (SA) between June and August 2020. The demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory tests included serum 25(OH)D and admission for intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in the hospital, mechanical ventilation (MV) support, and mortality were recorded and analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was found in 73.10% of all study population. Multiple logistic regression was used after adjusted covariances such as age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). No statistically significant was shown for ICU admission [Odd Ratio, OR 1.25 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.41–3.88) p = 0.70], MV support [Odd Ratio, OR 3.12 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.74–13.21) p = 0.12] and mortality [Odd Ratio, OR 2.39 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.31–18.11), p = 0.40]. These data didn’t support the association between serum 25(OH)D and the severity of the disease among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; vitamin D; infection and immunity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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