Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction

Supabhorn Yimthiang, Phisit Pouyfung, Tanaporn Khamphaya, Saruda Kuraeiad, Paleeratana Wongrith, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe and Soisungwan Satarug
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Supabhorn Yimthiang: Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Phisit Pouyfung: Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Tanaporn Khamphaya: Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Saruda Kuraeiad: Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Paleeratana Wongrith: Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
David A. Vesey: Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
Glenda C. Gobe: Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
Soisungwan Satarug: Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 4, 1-12

Abstract: Environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) or lead (Pb) is independently associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of concurrent exposure to these toxic metals on the risks of diabetes and kidney functional impairment. The Cd and Pb exposure levels among study subjects were low to moderate, evident from the means for blood concentrations of Cd and Pb ([Cd] b and [Pb] b ) of 0.59 µg/L and 4.67 µg/dL, respectively. Of 176 study subjects (mean age 60), 71 (40.3%) had abnormally high fasting plasma glucose levels. Based on their [Cd] b and [Pb] b , 53, 71, and 52 subjects were assigned to Cd and Pb exposure profiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The diagnosis of diabetes was increased by 4.2-fold in those with an exposure profile 3 ( p = 0.002), and by 2.9-fold in those with the estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ( p = 0.029). The prevalence odds ratio (POR) for albuminuria was increased by 5-fold in those with plasma glucose levels above kidney threshold of 180 mg/dL ( p = 0.014), and by 3.1-fold in those with low eGFR) ( p = 0.050). Collectively, these findings suggest that the Cd and Pb exposure profiles equally impact kidney function and diabetes risk.

Keywords: cadmium; lead; albuminuria; diabetes; fasting plasma glucose; glomerular filtration rate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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