Heavy Metals and the Occurrence of Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Sea Trout from the RIVER REGA, Poland—Consumer Health Assessment

Monika Rajkowska-Myśliwiec, Mikołaj Protasowicki, Adam Tański and Sandra Watrak
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Monika Rajkowska-Myśliwiec: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Mikołaj Protasowicki: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Adam Tański: Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Reproductive Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland
Sandra Watrak: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 4, 1-13

Abstract: Various factors, including heavy metals, can make fish more susceptible to disease. This study investigated, inter alia, the relationship between Pb, Cd, and Hg contamination of the organs and muscles of sea trout from the river Rega (Poland) and the occurrence of UDN (ulcerative skin necrosis) symptoms. Moreover, the dietary risk of Pb, Cd, and Hg uptake from the muscles of healthy sea trout was assessed based on estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), benchmark dose lower confidence limits (BMDL 01 and BMDL 10 ), and tolerable weekly intake (TWI). The metal concentrations varied, depending on the fish organs and the fish condition. A significantly higher amount of Pb was found in the gonads, gills, and muscles, Cd in the kidneys, and Hg in the muscles of sea trout with UDN symptoms. The lowest concentrations of Pb and Cd were detected in the muscles, and of Hg in the gonads. Dietary exposure to Pb, Cd, and Hg accounted for: 0.4% of BMDL 01 and 1.0% of BMDL 10 , 0.56% of TWI, and 16.5% of TWI, respectively. THQs for each metal and the HI value for combined metals were below 1. The weakening of fish due to UDN-like disease probably increased the accumulation of Pb in the gonads, gills, and muscles, and of Cd in the kidneys, of the sea trout. As regards the maximum levels (MRLs), the muscles of healthy sea trout are safe for consumption. The risk assessment suggests no concern for the health of consumers.

Keywords: heavy metals; see trout; UDN disease; dietary exposure; risk assessment; THQ; EDI; BMDL; TWI (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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