Estimation of Target Hazard Quotients and Potential Health Risks for Toxic Metals and Other Trace Elements by Consumption of Female Fish Gonads and Testicles

Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada, Agata Witczak, Mikołaj Protasowicki and Jacek Cybulski
Additional contact information
Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Agata Witczak: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Mikołaj Protasowicki: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Jacek Cybulski: Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the risk to consumers associated with the intake of toxic metals and other trace elements in diets that include the female gonads, testicles, and muscles of four popular freshwater fish species in Poland—common bream ( Abramis brama L.), European perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.), common roach ( Rutilus rutilus L.), and northern pike ( Esox Lucius L.). The following methods were used to determine the elements: GF-AAS (Pb, Cd); CV-AAS (Hg); ICP-AES (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Li, Cr, Al). The concentration of toxic elements (Hg, Cd, Pb) in the female gonads and testicles ranged from 0.004 ± 0.006 mg/kg (Cd) to 0.028 ± 0.018 mg/kg (Pb). Of the other elements, the lowest content was noted for Cr (0.122 ± 0.182 mg/kg) and the highest for Al (46.98 ± 31.89 mg/kg). The study confirmed that female gonads and testicles are a valuable source of essential trace elements (Zn, Fe). Considering the content of toxic elements, the raw material of female gonads and testicles posed no health risks (THQ < 1).

Keywords: toxic metals; trace elements; freshwater fish; health risk assessment; fish consumption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/5/2762/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/5/2762/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2762-:d:759941

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().