Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations

Kalaimani Elango, Mayuri Mudgal, Swetha Murthi, Prashanth Reddy Yella, Savan Nagrecha, Vedhapriya Srinivasan, Vijaykumar Sekar, Maria Koshy, Sathishkumar Ramalingam and Kulothungan Gunasekaran
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Kalaimani Elango: Division of Cardiology, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
Mayuri Mudgal: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, 600 E 233rd Street Bronx, New York, NY 10466, USA
Swetha Murthi: Department of Endocrinology, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA
Prashanth Reddy Yella: Department of Internal Medicine, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA
Savan Nagrecha: Department of Pharmacy, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA
Vedhapriya Srinivasan: Department of Internal Medicine, Suny Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY 11203, USA
Vijaykumar Sekar: Department of Endocrinology, Lehigh Valley Health Center, 1243 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
Maria Koshy: Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA
Sathishkumar Ramalingam: Department of Internal Medicine, Lovelace Medical Center, 601 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
Kulothungan Gunasekaran: Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yuma Regional Medical Center, 2400 S Avenue A, Yuma, AZ 85364, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 5, 1-12

Abstract: Introduction: Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study’s objective was to assess temporal trends in PCP epidemiology among hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS in the US and to compare data for hospitalizations with HIV with PCP to those without PCP. Methods: The national inpatient sample (NIS) data were analyzed from 2002–2014. The discharge coding identified hospitalized patients with HIV or AIDS and with or without PCP. Results: We identified 3,011,725 hospitalizations with HIV/AIDS during the study period; PCP was present in 5% of the patients with a diagnosis of HIV. The rates of PCP progressively declined from 6.7% in 2002 to 3.5 % in 2014 ( p < 0.001). Overall mortality in patients with HIV was 3.3% and was significantly higher in those with PCP than without PCP (9.9% vs. 2.9%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographics and other comorbidities, PCP had higher odds of hospital mortality 3.082 (OR 3.082; 95% CI, 3.007 to 3.159; p < 0.001). Conclusion: From 2002 to 2014, the rate of PCP in HIV patients has decreased significantly in the United States but is associated with substantially higher mortality.

Keywords: Pneumocystis pneumonia; PCP; human immunodeficiency virus; HIV; epidemiology; Pneumocystis jirovecii; opportunistic infection; antiretroviral therapy; pneumonia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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