Non-Medical Factors Associated with the Outcome of Treatment of Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Irena Kovačević, Višnja Majerić Kogler, Valentina Krikšić, Boris Ilić, Adriano Friganović, Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec, Jadranka Pavić, Milan Milošević, Petra Kovačević and Davorina Petek
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Irena Kovačević: Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Višnja Majerić Kogler: School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Valentina Krikšić: Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Boris Ilić: Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Adriano Friganović: Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec: Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Jadranka Pavić: Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Milan Milošević: Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Petra Kovačević: Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Davorina Petek: Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 5, 1-14

Abstract: Background: Chronic pain is a global public health issue with increasing prevalence. Chronic pain causes sleep disorder, reactive anxiety, and depression, impairs the quality of life; it burdens the individual and society as a whole. The aim of this study was to examine non-medical factors related to the outcome of the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study with two groups of patients was conducted using a questionnaire with biological, psychological, and social characteristics of patients. Since this study was cross-sectional, it was not possible to determine whether some factors were the cause or the consequence of unsuccessful treatment outcome, which is at the same time one of the disadvantages of cross-sectional studies. Results: The poor outcome of the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain in a multivariate binary logistic regression model was statistically significantly associated with the lower quality of life (OR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99; p = 0.009), and higher depression level OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02–1.14; p = 0.009). The outcome of the treatment was not directly related to social support measured by the multivariate binary logistic regression model (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.15, p = 0.395), but solitary life (without partner) was (OR = 2.16 (95% CI: 1.03–4.53; p = 0.043). Conclusion: The typical patient with a poor pain management outcome is retired, presents depressive behavior; their pain disturbs general activity and sleeping. Moreover, they have a physically disturbed quality of life and require self-treatment due to the inaccessibility of doctors and therapies. The principle of treatment of patients with chronic, non-malignant pain should take into account a biopsychosocial approach with individually adjusted procedures.

Keywords: chronic non-malignant pain; quality of life; depression; social support; self-treatment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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