Association of Oral Health Conditions in Adolescents with Social Factors and Obesity

Jana Schmidt, Mandy Vogel, Tanja Poulain, Wieland Kiess, Christian Hirsch, Dirk Ziebolz and Rainer Haak
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Jana Schmidt: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Mandy Vogel: LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Tanja Poulain: LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Wieland Kiess: LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, LIFE Child, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Christian Hirsch: Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Dirk Ziebolz: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Rainer Haak: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 5, 1-14

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate associations between psychosocial factors, obesity, and oral health in a study population of 10- to 18-year-old adolescents who participated in the LIFE Child study. Psychosocial information (socioeconomic status (SES) based on parents’ education, occupation and household income, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), health-related quality of life) and physical activity behavior were obtained. Nutritional status was classified based on age- and sex-adjusted body mass index into underweight, overweight, normal weight and obese. Clinical dental examinations were performed and scored with respect to caries experience (CE), oral hygiene (OH), and periodontal status (periodontal health score: PERIO-S). Age-adjusted regression analysis under the assumption of a double Poisson distribution was performed with and without adjusting for SES (α = 5%). A total of 1158 study participants (590 girls, 568 boys; mean age 13.2 ± 2.3 years) were included (17.2% were classified as obese). CE was 20% higher for moderate and 60% higher for low SES compared to high SES ( p < 0.05). PERIO-S was 10% higher for moderate and 30% higher for low compared to high SES ( p < 0.05). Poor OH was associated with higher CE (Ratio R = 2.3, p < 0.0001) and PERIO-S (R = 3.1, p < 0.0001). Physical activity in a sports club was associated with lower CE-S and PERIO-S (R = 0.85, p < 0.001). Obesity was associated with increased CE (R = 1.3, p < 0.001) compared to normal weight. For low but not high SES, more reported difficulties were associated with higher CE. In conclusion, low SES, poor OH, and obesity are associated with unfavorable oral health conditions, whereas physical activity and high SES are potentially protective.

Keywords: oral health; dental caries; obesity; physical activity; periodontal health status (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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