Hyperbaric Exposure of Scuba Divers Affects the Urinary Excretion of Nucleic Acid Oxidation Products and Hypoxanthine

Enrico Marchetti, Daniela Pigini, Mariangela Spagnoli, Giovanna Tranfo, Flavia Buonaurio, Fabio Sciubba, Ottavia Giampaoli, Alfredo Miccheli, Alessandro Pinto, Nazzareno De Angelis and Luigi Fattorini
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Enrico Marchetti: INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
Daniela Pigini: INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
Mariangela Spagnoli: INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
Giovanna Tranfo: INAIL, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
Flavia Buonaurio: Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Fabio Sciubba: NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Ottavia Giampaoli: NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Alfredo Miccheli: NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Alessandro Pinto: Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Nazzareno De Angelis: Research Unit of Subaquatic Sector of Italian Federation of Environment and Sport (FISA Sub), Vicolo Orbitelli, 10, 00186 Rome, Italy
Luigi Fattorini: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: In recent studies, oxidative stress after scuba diving has been explored by measuring urinary biomarkers in volunteers under controlled conditions. Dive depth and duration, water temperature, and workload are all variables that can elicit metabolic responses. A controlled diving experiment was performed in an indoor pool at 20, 30, and 40 m depths at a water temperature of 32 °C, on three different days. Samples of urine from five male scuba divers were taken before diving and at four time points after diving, and then tested for their concentration of five different oxidative stress biomarkers by means of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics analysis. The results showed no variation in the five biomarkers after diving, but a decreasing trend was observed over the three days, with no differences among the three depths. The lack of effect on oxidative stress biomarkers has been attributed to the comfortable water temperature and to the absence of exercise in the divers during the experiment. Instead, an increase in hypoxanthine excretion, which can be considered a biomarker sensitive to hyperbaric exposure, was found after diving. Finally, the results suggest a physiological mechanism of metabolic adaptation to a new condition.

Keywords: oxidative stress; hyperbaric condition; scuba-diving; metabolomics; hypoxanthine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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