The Prevalence of Amnestic and Non-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Its Association with Different Lifestyle Factors in a South Italian Elderly Population

Alessandro Oronzo Caffò, Giuseppina Spano, Luigi Tinella, Antonella Lopez, Elisabetta Ricciardi, Fabrizio Stasolla and Andrea Bosco
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Alessandro Oronzo Caffò: Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
Giuseppina Spano: Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
Luigi Tinella: Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
Antonella Lopez: Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
Elisabetta Ricciardi: Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
Fabrizio Stasolla: Law Department, “Giustino Fortunato” University of Benevento, 82100 Benevento, Italy
Andrea Bosco: Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transition stage between normal aging and dementia and can be useful to monitor the cognitive status of people at risk of dementias. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence of amnestic and non-amnestic MCI in a South Italian elderly population, and to identify socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors associated with MCI. A cross-sectional retrospective population study on 839 community-dwelling participants over 60 years of age was carried out. Elderly people were administered a brief neuropsychological screening to identify their cognitive and functional status, and a questionnaire to investigate several socio-demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Prevalence estimate for MCI was 12.0% (95% CI: 10.0–14.5%), for amnestic MCI was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.8–9.4%), and for non-amnestic MCI was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4–6.4%), for people older than 60 years of age. Logistic regression models, corrected for age, sex, and education, revealed a significant association of MCI with the following factors: age, education, intellectual activities, and topographical disorientation. On the other hand, education, clinical factors (e.g., depression level and perceived physical pain), lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, and leisure/productive activities), dietary habits, quality of life, and self-reported topographical disorientation were non-significantly associated with MCI. Prevalence estimates and the association of MCI and its subtypes with risk and protective factors were discussed in comparison with the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Keywords: aging; mild cognitive impairment; risk factors; protective factors; prevalence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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