The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study

Slawomir Gonkowski, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Elena Vakonaki, Krystyna Makowska, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis and Joanna Wojtkiewicz
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Slawomir Gonkowski: Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Manolis Tzatzarakis: Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Elena Vakonaki: Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Krystyna Makowska: Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Aristidis M. Tsatsakis: Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Joanna Wojtkiewicz: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Triclosan (TCS) is an organic substance showing antibacterial action, which is commonly used in many branches of industry, including, among others, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the food industry. TCS may penetrate into living organisms and negatively affect the health of humans and animals. The majority of previous investigations on TCS biomonitoring in humans have been performed on urine, but currently, studies on hair samples are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate TCS concentration levels in residents of Olsztyn, a city in northeastern Poland, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The presence of TCS was observed in 96.7% of samples tested, with concentration levels from 37.9 pg/mg to 3386.5 pg/mg. The mean concentration level of TCS in the present study was 402.6 (±803.6) pg/mg, and the median value was 103.3 pg/mg. Although there were some differences in TCS concentration levels between males and females, humans of various ages and humans with colored and natural hair had no statistically significant differences in TCS concentration levels. The obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in northeastern Poland are exposed to TCS to a large degree, and hair analysis, despite some limitations, is a suitable method for TCS biomonitoring in humans.

Keywords: biomonitoring; endocrine disruptors; hair; triclosan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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