Does Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer Affect Normal Adaptation to Resistance Exercise?

Tormod S. Nilsen, Sara Hassing Johansen, Lene Thorsen, Ciaran M. Fairman, Torbjørn Wisløff and Truls Raastad
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Tormod S. Nilsen: Institute of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, 0807 Oslo, Norway
Sara Hassing Johansen: Institute of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, 0807 Oslo, Norway
Lene Thorsen: National Resource Centre for Late Effects, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, PB 4950, 4950 Oslo, Norway
Ciaran M. Fairman: Department of Exercise, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-0001, USA
Torbjørn Wisløff: Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital HF, PB 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
Truls Raastad: Institute of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, 0807 Oslo, Norway

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Background: Loss of muscle mass and muscle function is a common side effect from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we explored effects of heavy-load resistance training (RT) on lean body mass and muscle strength changes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among PCa patients on ADT and in healthy elderly men (HEM), by comparison of results in separate meta-analysis. Methods: RCTs were identified through databases and reference lists. Results: Seven RCTs in PCa patients ( n = 449), and nine in HEM ( n = 305) were included. The effects of RT in lean body mass change were similar among PCa patients (Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) and HEM (SMD: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7). It is noteworthy that the within group changes showed different patterns in PCa patients (intervention: 0.2 kg; control: −0.6 kg) and HEM (intervention: 1.2 kg; control: 0.2 kg). The effects of RT on change in muscle strength (measured as 1 RM) were similar between PCa patients and HEM, both for lower body- (PCa: SMD: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5; HEM: SMD: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4), and for upper body exercises (PCa: SMD: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.7; HEM: SMD: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.6). Conclusions: The effects of RT on lean body mass and 1 RM were similar in PCa patients on ADT and HEM, but the mechanism for the intervention effect might differ between groups. It seems that RT counteracts loss of lean body mass during ADT in PCa patients, as opposed to increasing lean body mass in HEM.

Keywords: adaptation; resistance exercise; prostate cancer patients; androgen deprivation therapy; healthy elderly men (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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