Openness to Experience Moderates the Association of Warmth Profiles and Subjective Well-Being in Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Youth

Yongfeng Ma, Chunhua Ma and Xiaoyu Lan
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Yongfeng Ma: College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
Chunhua Ma: College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
Xiaoyu Lan: Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: Crouched in the socioecological framework, the present research compared the subjective well-being of left-behind youth with their non-left-behind peers. Furthermore, this research investigated the association of parental warmth and teacher warmth using a person-centered approach with adolescents’ subjective well-being on the whole sample, and examined its conditional processes by ascertaining the moderating role of openness to experience and left-behind status in this association. A total of 246 left-behind youth (53.6% girls; M age = 15.77; SD = 1.50) and 492 socio-demographically matched, non-left-behind peers (55.1% girls; M age = 15.91; SD = 1.43) was involved in this study. During school hours, these adolescents were uniformly instructed to complete a set of self-report questionnaires. The results from ANCOVA exhibited no significant differences in subjective well-being between these two groups of youth. Moreover, four warmth profiles were revealed: congruent low, congruent highest, congruent lowest, and incongruent moderate, and youth within the congruent highest profile were more likely than the other three profiles to report higher subjective well-being. Additionally, moderation analyses demonstrated that high openness was one protective factor for subjective well-being, when left-behind youth perceived the lowest levels of parental warmth and teacher warmth congruently. These findings indicate that left-behind youth may not be psychologically disadvantaged in terms of positive psychosocial outcomes, such as subjective well-being, and school activities or social initiatives emphasizing openness to experience would be essential for them to facilitate positive adaptive patterns after parental migration.

Keywords: subjective well-being; parental warmth; teacher warmth; openness to experience; left-behind youth (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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