Factors Affecting the Nuclei in Newborn and Children

Christos Arnaoutoglou, Anastasia Keivanidou, Georgios Dragoutsos, Ioannis Tentas, Soultana Meditskou, Paul Zarogoulidis, Dimitrios Matthaios, Chrysanthi Sardeli, Aris Ioannidis, Eleni Isidora Perdikouri and Andreas Giannopoulos
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Christos Arnaoutoglou: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Anastasia Keivanidou: Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Georgios Dragoutsos: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 69132 Komotini, Greece
Ioannis Tentas: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of Giannitsa, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece
Soultana Meditskou: Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Paul Zarogoulidis: Pulmonary Department, General Clinic Euromedica, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Dimitrios Matthaios: Oncology Department, General Hospital of Rhodes, 85100 Rhodes, Greece
Chrysanthi Sardeli: Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Aris Ioannidis: Department of Surgery, “Genesis” Private Clinic, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Eleni Isidora Perdikouri: Oncology Department, General Hospital of Volos, 38446 Volos, Greece
Andreas Giannopoulos: Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 7, 1-10

Abstract: It is known that children are more sensitive to the effects of medical treatments and environment than adults. Today there is limited information regarding the differences in genotoxic effects in children. The micronucleus assay is a method that is used to monitor genotoxicity, and it was validated several years before. Today there is international interest for exfoliated buccal cells. Most of the micronuclei studies in children have been performed with the analyses of lymphocytes. However, there is vast interest in using exfoliated cells from the oral cavity. The reason is that other type of cells are acquired non-invasively, this is an important issue in paediatric cohorts. Unfortunately a limitation of measuring micronuclei frequency is that it has been observed to be low in newborns and on the other hand there are a large number of patients and cell sample counts. It has been observed that radiation exposure and environmental pollutants increase the micronuclei frequency in newborn and children. Regarding the medical treatments, there is little data and several studies are needed to optimise the doses. There is the need to observe if there is a relationship between micronuclei in lymphocytes and exfoliated cells and to identify the baseline of the micronuclei levels. Moreover, we evaluate the changes in response to the toxic agents. Prospective cohorts studies will clarify the predictive value of micronuclei for cancer and chronic diseases for both children and adults. Novel molecular technologies will assist in the elucidation of different biological pathways and molecular mechanisms connected with the micronulcei levels in newborn and children.

Keywords: radiation; newborn; children; environment pollutants; biomarker; environmental exposure; genetic damage; micronucleus assay (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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