Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviours and Psychological Distress: A Longitudinal Study of Australian Adults Aged 45 Years and Older

Emma S. George, Ian Davidson, Aymen El Masri, Tanya Meade and Gregory S. Kolt
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Emma S. George: School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Ian Davidson: School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Aymen El Masri: School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Tanya Meade: Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Gregory S. Kolt: School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 7, 1-12

Abstract: Individual associations between lifestyle behaviours and mental health have been established; however, evidence on the clustering of these behaviours and the subsequent impact on mental health is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, sitting time, sleep duration, processed meat consumption, vegetable consumption, fruit consumption, smoking status, alcohol consumption) and the development of psychological distress (measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) in a large Australian sample. Participants were 163,707 Australian adults from the 45 and Up Study. Data from baseline (2006–2009) and follow-up wave 1 (2012) were analysed using binary logistic regression. The odds of reporting high or very high psychological distress at follow-up were significantly higher for those reporting five (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.41–3.97, p = 0.001) or six or more (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI 1.62–5.69, p = 0.001) unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, in comparison to those reporting no unhealthy lifestyle behaviours at baseline. These findings suggest that a holistic, multi-faceted lifestyle approach addressing multiple behaviours may be required to support and promote positive mental health and to reduce the likelihood of psychological distress.

Keywords: psychological distress; longitudinal study; lifestyle behaviours; mental health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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