Association between Internalized Stigma and Depression among People Living with HIV in Thailand

Darawan Thapinta, Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai, Penpaktr Uthis, Sunisa Suktrakul, Rangsima Wiwatwongnawa, Arunrat Tangmunkongvorakul, Saranya Wannachaiyakul and Patumrat Sripan
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Darawan Thapinta: Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai: Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Penpaktr Uthis: Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Sunisa Suktrakul: Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Rangsima Wiwatwongnawa: Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Arunrat Tangmunkongvorakul: Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Saranya Wannachaiyakul: Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Patumrat Sripan: Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-9

Abstract: Internalized stigma and depression are among the most common mental health problems in people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aimed to examine the association between depression and overall internalized stigma, as well as different aspects of internalized stigma in PLHIV. The study included 400 PLHIV receiving care in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, Thailand. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated the PLHIV with mild depression had lower median scores for the social relationship internalized stigma subscale than PLHIV with major depressive disorder ( p = 0.009). Total HIV internalized stigma scores were significantly correlated with PHQ-9 scores in the mild depression group (r = 0.327, p = 0.004). Depression and internalized stigma were prevalent and associated, especially in the area of social relationships. Health personnel should be aware of possible depression in PLHIV who have internalized stigma. Intervention to promote understanding and social support for PLHIV is warranted.

Keywords: internalized stigma; depression; people living with HIV; Thailand (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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