Associations between Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder within Families: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Dian-Jeng Li, Ching-Shu Tsai, Ray C. Hsiao, Yi-Lung Chen and Cheng-Fang Yen
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Dian-Jeng Li: Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan
Ching-Shu Tsai: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
Ray C. Hsiao: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
Yi-Lung Chen: Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
Cheng-Fang Yen: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-11

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly comorbid with allergic and autoimmune diseases in children. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between children’s and first-degree relatives’ (i.e., mother, father, and full sibling) allergic and autoimmune diseases and children’s ASD and ADHD. We enrolled participants from Taiwan’s Maternal and Child Health Database. We used the Cox regression model to examine the associations of familial, siblings’ and children’s allergic and autoimmune diseases with children’s ASD and/or ADHD. In total, we included 1,386,260 children in the current study. We found the significant association between familial allergic or autoimmune disease and development of ASD or ADHD among children. We also identified the predominant impact of familial aggregation on the above associations. The associations between some parental diagnoses of autoimmune or allergic diseases in children’s ASD and/or ADHD were stronger in mothers than those in fathers. Early assessment of the possibility of ASD and ADHD is required for children who have a parent with an allergic or autoimmune disease.

Keywords: ADHD; ASD; allergic disease; autoimmune disease; psychological well-being (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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