Sense of Coherence Predicts Physical Activity Maintenance and Health-Related Quality of Life: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study on Cardiovascular Patients

Roberta Adorni, Andrea Greco, Marco D’Addario, Francesco Zanatta, Francesco Fattirolli, Cristina Franzelli, Alessandro Maloberti, Cristina Giannattasio and Patrizia Steca
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Roberta Adorni: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
Andrea Greco: Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
Marco D’Addario: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
Francesco Zanatta: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
Francesco Fattirolli: Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
Cristina Franzelli: Cardiac/Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
Alessandro Maloberti: School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
Cristina Giannattasio: School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
Patrizia Steca: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A physically active lifestyle can improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with CVD. Nevertheless, adherence to a physically active lifestyle is poor. This study examined the longitudinal (pre-event, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-ups) physical activity profiles in 275 patients (mean age = 57.1 years; SD = 7.87; 84% men) after the first acute coronary event. Moreover, it investigated the associations among physical activity, sense of coherence (SOC), and HRQoL. Physical activity profiles were identified through latent class growth analysis, and linear regressions were then performed to explore the association between physical activity, SOC, and HRQoL. After the cardiovascular event, 62% of patients reached adequate physical activity levels and maintained them over time (virtuous profile). The remaining 38% could not implement (23%) or maintain (15%) a healthy behavior. A strong SOC at baseline (standardized β = 0.19, p = 0.002) predicted the probability of belonging to the virtuous profile. Moreover, a strong SOC at baseline (standardized β = 0.27, p < 0.001), together with the probability of belonging to the virtuous profile (standardized β = 0.16, p = 0.031), predicted a better HRQoL at the final follow-up. Findings showed a strong relationship between SOC, the ability to adopt a physically active lifestyle stably over time, and HRQoL in patients with CVD. They suggest the importance of tailoring physical activity interventions by promoting resilience resources such as SOC to improve patients’ quality of life after an acute coronary event.

Keywords: physical activity; sense of coherence; health-related quality of life; cardiovascular disease; gender; obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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