Microbial Degradation of Azo Dyes: Approaches and Prospects for a Hazard-Free Conversion by Microorganisms

Anna Christina R. Ngo and Dirk Tischler
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Anna Christina R. Ngo: Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Dirk Tischler: Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-24

Abstract: Azo dyes have become a staple in various industries, as colors play an important role in consumer choices. However, these dyes pose various health and environmental risks. Although different wastewater treatments are available, the search for more eco-friendly options persists. Bioremediation utilizing microorganisms has been of great interest to researchers and industries, as the transition toward greener solutions has become more in demand through the years. This review tackles the health and environmental repercussions of azo dyes and its metabolites, available biological approaches to eliminate such dyes from the environment with a focus on the use of different microorganisms, enzymes that are involved in the degradation of azo dyes, and recent trends that could be applied for the treatment of azo dyes.

Keywords: azo dye degradation; decolorization; bioremediation; immobilization; p -phenylenediamine; xenobiotics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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