Association between Self-Perceived Periodic Limb Movement during Sleep and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Depend on Restless Leg Symptoms in Korean Adolescents

Hyeyun Kim, Kwang Ik Yang, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Jongkyu Park, Nam Hun Heo, Jee Hyun Kim and Seung Bong Hong
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Hyeyun Kim: Department of Neurology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
Kwang Ik Yang: Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
Jun-Sang Sunwoo: Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Korea
Jongkyu Park: Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
Nam Hun Heo: Clinical Trial Center, Department of Biostatics, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
Jee Hyun Kim: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
Seung Bong Hong: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: Although periodic limb movement during sleep (PLMS) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are common in children and adolescents, they are relatively overlooked as a target of treatment. PLMS has been evaluated as having a lower clinical significance than RLS. This study examined the relationship of socio-behavioral factors of PLMS in Korean adolescents and checked whether PLMS is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), depending on whether restless legs symptoms accompany it. In a cross-sectional study, 25,789 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age (15.76 ± 1.73 years; female 51.49%) were evaluated using an online survey. Various self-report questionnaires were used to assess PLMS and RLS symptoms, EDS, sleep habits, and various socio-behavioral factors. The prevalence of self-perceived PLMS and restless legs symptoms were 903 (3.50%) and 1311 (5.08%), respectively. Of the 1311 participants, 399 had self-perceived PLMS. The odds ratios (ORs) for self-perceived PLMS in participants with restless legs symptoms were: males (OR = 1.528; 95% CI: 1.145–2.040), usually/always experienced apnea apnea (OR, 3.006; 95% CI, 1.954–4.624), increased proneness to Internet addiction (OR = 1.013; 95% CI: 1.001–1.025), sometimes/often consuming coffee (OR = 1.312; 95% CI: 1.015–1.695), EDS (OR = 0.826; 95% CI: 0.488–1.398), and perceived insufficient sleep (OR = 1.143; 95% CI: 0.835–1.565). The male gender, witness apnea, consuming coffee, and being prone to Internet addiction were identified as factors significantly associated with self-perceived PLMS in participants with restless legs symptoms. However, EDS and insufficient sleep were associated with self-perceived PLMS in the absence of restless legs symptoms.

Keywords: restless legs syndrome; periodic limb movement during sleep; adolescents; daytime sleepiness; sleep habit; cross-sectional study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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