The Removal of Pb 2+ from Aqueous Solution by Using Navel Orange Peel Biochar Supported Graphene Oxide: Characteristics, Response Surface Methodology, and Mechanism

Zuwen Liu, Shi Yang, Linan Zhang, Jinfeng Zeng, Shuai Tian and Yuan Lin
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Zuwen Liu: School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
Shi Yang: School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
Linan Zhang: School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
Jinfeng Zeng: Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China
Shuai Tian: Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China
Yuan Lin: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: The value-added utilization of waste resources to synthesize functional materials is important to achieve the environmentally sustainable development. In this paper, the biochar supported graphene oxide (BGO) materials were prepared by using navel orange peel and natural graphite. The optimal adsorption parameters were analyzed by response surface methodology under the conditions of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and rotating speed. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model fitting experiments were carried out according to the optimal adsorption parameters, and the mechanism of BGO adsorption of Pb 2+ was explained using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Compared with virgin biochar, the adsorption capacity of Pb 2+ on biochar supported graphene oxide was significantly increased. The results of response surface methodology optimization design showed that the order of influence on adsorption of Pb 2+ was solution pH > adsorbent dosage > rotating speed. The optimal conditions were as follows: solution pH was 4.97, rotating speed was 172.97 rpm, and adsorbent dosage was 0.086 g. In the adsorption–desorption experiment, the desorption efficiency ranged from 54.3 to 63.3%. The process of Pb 2+ adsorption by BGO is spontaneous and endothermic, mainly through electrostatic interaction and surface complexation. It is a heterogeneous adsorption process with heterogeneous surface, including surface adsorption, external liquid film diffusion, and intra-particle diffusion.

Keywords: biochar; graphene oxide; adsorption capacity; response surface methodology; mechanism of adsorption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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