Impact of the DRD2 Polymorphisms on the Effectiveness of the Training Program

Katarzyna Świtała, Aleksandra Bojarczuk, Jacek Hajto, Marcin Piechota, Maciej Buryta and Agata Leońska-Duniec
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Katarzyna Świtała: Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
Aleksandra Bojarczuk: Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
Jacek Hajto: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
Marcin Piechota: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
Maciej Buryta: Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
Agata Leońska-Duniec: Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: Dopamine receptor D2 gene ( DRD2 ) polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive abilities, obesity, addictions, and physical-activity-related behaviors, which may underlie differences in the effectiveness of training programs. What is not yet clear is the impact of DRD2 polymorphisms on the effectiveness of exercise programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the DRD2 polymorphic sites (rs1076560, rs12364283, rs1799732, rs1800497, and rs1800498) and the body’s response to regular physical activity. We studied genotypes and haplotypes distribution in a group of 165 females measured for body mass and body composition measurements, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after realization of a 12-week training program. When tested individually, statistical analyses revealed one significant genotype by training interaction under the general model (for the basal metabolic rate, BMR, p = 0.033). Carriers of the rs1076560 CC genotype exhibited a decrease in BMR in response to training ( p = 0.006). Haplotype analyses also showed that (i) the CACCC and CACTT haplotypes were associated with a post-training decrease in glucose level (β = −4.11, p = 0.032; β = −6.86, p = 0.020, respectively); (ii) the CGCCT with an increase in BMR (β = 0.65, p = 0.003) and fat free mass (FFM, β = 1.20, p = 0.009); (iii) the CA-CT with a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, β = −17.26, p = 0.046). These results provide some evidence that the DRD2 polymorphisms may play a role in post-training changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and, as a consequence, in the effectiveness of training programs.

Keywords: sports genetics; physical activity; DRD2 polymorphisms; post-training effects; obesity-related traits; Caucasian women (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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