Feasibility Trial of Yoga Programme for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention (YOGA-DP) among High-Risk People in India: A Qualitative Study to Explore Participants’ Trial- and Intervention-Related Barriers and Facilitators

Pallavi Mishra, Tess Harris, Sheila Margaret Greenfield, Mark Hamer, Sarah Anne Lewis, Kavita Singh, Rukamani Nair, Somnath Mukherjee, Nandi Krishnamurthy Manjunath, Nikhil Tandon, Sanjay Kinra, Dorairaj Prabhakaran and Kaushik Chattopadhyay
Additional contact information
Pallavi Mishra: Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
Tess Harris: Population Health Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
Sheila Margaret Greenfield: Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Mark Hamer: Institute Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK
Sarah Anne Lewis: Lifespan and Population Health Academic Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Kavita Singh: Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
Rukamani Nair: Bapu Nature Cure Hospital and Yogashram, New Delhi 110091, India
Somnath Mukherjee: Bapu Nature Cure Hospital and Yogashram, New Delhi 110091, India
Nandi Krishnamurthy Manjunath: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru 560105, India
Nikhil Tandon: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
Sanjay Kinra: Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Dorairaj Prabhakaran: Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
Kaushik Chattopadhyay: Lifespan and Population Health Academic Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 9, 1-19

Abstract: Yoga-based interventions can be effective in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We developed a Yoga programme for T2DM prevention (YOGA-DP) and conducted a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) among high-risk people in India. This qualitative study’s objective was to identify and explore participants’ trial- and intervention-related barriers and facilitators. The feasibility trial was conducted at two Yoga centres in New Delhi and Bengaluru, India. In this qualitative study, 25 trial participants (13 intervention group, 12 control group) were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using deductive logic and an interpretative phenomenological approach. Amongst intervention and control participants, key barriers to trial participation were inadequate information about recruitment and randomisation processes and the negative influence of non-participants. Free blood tests to aid T2DM prevention, site staff’s friendly behaviour and friends’ positive influence facilitated trial participation. Amongst intervention participants, readability and understanding of the programme booklets, dislike of the Yoga diary, poor quality Yoga mats, difficulty in using the programme video, household commitment during home sessions, unplanned travel, difficulty in practising Yoga poses, hesitation in attending programme sessions with the YOGA-DP instructor of the opposite sex and mixed-sex group programme sessions were key barriers to intervention participation. Adequate information was provided on T2DM prevention and self-care, good venue and other support provided for programme sessions, YOGA-DP instructors’ positive behaviour and improvements in physical and mental well-being facilitated intervention participation. In conclusion, we identified and explored participants’ trial- and intervention-related barriers and facilitators. We identified an almost equal number of barriers ( n = 12) and facilitators ( n = 13); however, intervention-related barriers and facilitators were greater than for participating in the trial. These findings will inform the design of the planned definitive RCT design and intervention and can also be used to design other Yoga interventions and RCTs.

Keywords: Yoga; physical activity; barriers; facilitators; prevention; type 2 diabetes; prediabetes; qualitative research; randomised controlled trial; feasibility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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