Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Rivers and Drinking Waters from Qingdao, China

Guohui Lu, Pengwei Shao, Yu Zheng, Yongliang Yang and Nan Gai
Additional contact information
Guohui Lu: Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-Analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China
Pengwei Shao: Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-Analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China
Yu Zheng: Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-Analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China
Yongliang Yang: Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-Analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China
Nan Gai: Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-Analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in rivers; drinking water sources (reservoirs and groundwater); and various types of drinking waters (tap waters, barreled pure waters, and bottled mineral waters) in Qingdao, Eastern China were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The total concentrations of PFASs (ΣPFASs) in the river waters ranged from 28.3 to 292.2 ng/L, averaging 108 ± 70.7 ng/L. PFBS was the most abundant compound, with a maximum concentration of 256.8 ng/L, followed by PFOA (maximum concentration: 72.4 ng/L) and PFBA (maximum concentration: 41.6 ng/L). High levels of PFASs were found in rivers in the suburban and rural areas. The estimated annual mass loading of the total PFASs to Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) was 5.9 tons. The PFASs in the drinking water reservoirs were relatively low. The ΣPFASs in the tap water ranged from 20.5 ng/L to 29.9 ng/L. Differences in the PFAS levels and composition profiles were found among barreled water at different market sites and for different brands of mineral water products. The sequence of the contamination levels of the waters related to drinking water was reservoir water > tap water > barrel water > groundwater > bottled mineral water. The PFASs in drinking water may not pose a serious risk to the drinking water consumers of Qingdao City.

Keywords: perfluoroalkyl substances; surface water; drinking water sources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5722/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5722/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5722-:d:810873

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().