Toxicity of a Mixture of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Mono-soduim Methanearsonate to the Red Swamp Crawfish, Procambarus clarkii

Rosalind M. Green and Assaf A. Abdelghani
Additional contact information
Rosalind M. Green: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2100, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
Assaf A. Abdelghani: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2100, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA

IJERPH, 2004, vol. 1, issue 1, 1-4

Abstract: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and monosodium methanearsonate are often sold in commercial herbicide mixtures. Toxicity studies have been performed for each herbicide individually, but there is a dearth of information concerning the toxicity of these herbicides in a mixture. The following study examined the toxicity of a mixture of these two herbicides in the red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii . 96-hour acute toxicity assays were performed to determine whether surfactant significantly altered the toxicity of these herbicides individually or in combination. Marking’s additive index was calculated to identify the interactions of the herbicide mixture. Surfactant was observed to significantly increase the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the toxicity of the herbicide mixture. The herbicide mixture alone displayed half the toxicity of the individual herbicides, but the mixture with surfactant was twice as toxic as the individual herbicides. The synergistic action of surfactant may be attributed to increased pesticide absorption across biological membranes. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and surfactant may also compromise gill function, increasing the sensitivity of the crawfish to herbicide toxicity. The antagonistic effects of the herbicide mixture in the absence of surfactant may be caused by competition of both herbicides for the same sites of activity.

Keywords: crawfish; 2; 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; monosodium methanearsonate; herbicide mixture; acute toxicity; Marking’s Additive Index (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2004
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/1/1/35/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/1/1/35/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:1:y:2004:i:1:p:35-38:d:2787

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().