Arsenic-Induced Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects in Human Keratinocytes, Melanocytes and Dendritic Cells

Barbara Graham-Evans, Hari H. P. Cohly, Hongtao Yu and Paul B. Tchounwou
Additional contact information
Barbara Graham-Evans: Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
Hari H. P. Cohly: Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
Hongtao Yu: Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
Paul B. Tchounwou: Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA

IJERPH, 2004, vol. 1, issue 2, 1-7

Abstract: Arsenical keratosis and skin cancer are among the most common health effects associated with acute and chronic exposures to arsenic. This study examines the acute and chronic dose-responses of arsenic in established human cell lines using keratinocytes (HaCaT), melanocytes (CRL1675) and dendritic cells (THP-1 + A23187). Chronic conditions were established by treating the three cell lines with at least 8 passages in 0.2 ?g/mL arsenic trioxide. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the fluorescein diacetate assay after 72 hrs of exposure. Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) was used to measure DNA damage. Acute exposure to arsenic had LD 10 and LD 25 values of 0.38 ?g/mL and 3.0 ?g/mL for keratinocytes; 0.19 ?g/mL and 0.38 ?g/mL for melanocytes; and 0.38 ?g/mL and 0.75 ?g/mL for dendritic cells. Cytotoxicity assays for chronically exposed cells resulted in LD 10 , and LD 25 values of 0.4 ?g/mL and 0.8 ?g/mL for keratinocytes; 0.10 ?g/mL and 0.20 ?g/mL for melanocytes; and 0.10 ?g/mL and 1.0 ?g/mL for dendritic cells. The Comet assay showed that arsenic was highly genotoxic to the three cell lines. No significant differences (p > 0.05) in DNA cleavage were observed between acute and chronic exposures. In acute exposure arsenic genotoxicity was more severe with dendritic cells while melanocytes were more sensitive to arsenic cytotoxicity. Similarly, chronically exposed dendritic cells showed the maximum genotoxic damage while melanocytes were more sensitive to arsenic cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this research shows that arsenic is dermatotoxic, showing a high degree of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity to skin cells.

Keywords: arsenic; cytotoxicity; genotoxicity; comet assay; keratinocytes; melanocytes; dendritic cells (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2004
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/1/2/83/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/1/2/83/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:1:y:2004:i:2:p:83-89:d:2790

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().