Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Telecoaching for Self-Care Management among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hesti Platini (), Artanti Lathifah, Sidik Maulana, Faizal Musthofa, Shakira Amirah, Muhammad Fahd Abdurrahman, Maria Komariah (), Tuti Pahria, Kusman Ibrahim and Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura Lele
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Hesti Platini: Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Artanti Lathifah: Professional Nurse Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Sidik Maulana: Professional Nurse Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Faizal Musthofa: Professional Nurse Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Shakira Amirah: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok City 16424, Indonesia
Muhammad Fahd Abdurrahman: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok City 16424, Indonesia
Maria Komariah: Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Tuti Pahria: Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Kusman Ibrahim: Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura Lele: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta 13630, Indonesia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 20, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Background: In response to the need for safe care for people with diabetes mellitus in the current outbreak of COVID-19, it is critical to evaluate the model, service delivery, feasibility, and efficiency of diabetes mellitus telecoaching. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the model and efficacy of telecoaching to improve self-care and clinical outcomes. Methods: This study uses the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched on 22 March 2022, using keywords that matched the MeSH browser in four databases to find relevant studies, namely, PubMed/Medline, Proquest, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Additionally, we collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Google Scholar using the snowball technique. A quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool (RoB)2. The meta-analysis used the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model to analyze the pooled mean difference (MD) and its p -value. Results: Thirteen RCT studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis with a total number of participants of 3300. The model of telecoaching is a form of using nurses-led telephone and mobile apps, which are relatively cost-effective. The meta-analysis showed a positively improved statistically significance in clinical outcomes, including in HbA1c (a pooled MD of −0.33; 95% CI: −0.51–−0.15; p = 0.0003), blood glucose (−18.99; 95% CI: −20.89–−17.09; p = 0.00001), systolic blood pressure (−2.66; 95% CI: −3.66–−1.66; p = 0.00001), body mass index (−0.79; 95% CI: −1.39–−0.18; p = 0.01), and weight (−2.16 kg; 95% CI: −3.95–−0.38; p = 0.02). It was not, however, statistically significant in diastolic blood pressure (−0.87; 95% CI: −2.02–0.28; p = 0.14), total cholesterol (−0.07; 95% CI: −0.26–0.12; p = 0.46), low-density lipoprotein (−2.19; 95% CI: −6.70–2.31; p = 0.34), triglycerides (−13.56; 95% CI: −40.46–13.35; p = 0.32) and high-density protein (0.40; 95% CI: −1.12–1.91; p = 0.61). Conclusions: The telecoaching with nurses-led telephone and mobile apps significantly affected clinical outcomes on HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI. Moreover, there was no significant effect on the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein. Thus, telecoaching has the potential as a care model in diabetes mellitus during COVID-19 and similar pandemics to improve self-care and clinical outcomes, but all the studies analyzed involved non-COVID-19 patients, limiting the generalizability of the results to COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; clinical outcome; diabetes mellitus; self-care; telecoaching (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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