Effect of Different Lead and Cadmium Salts on the Photolytic Degradation of Two Typical Fluoroquinolones under Natural Sunlight Irradiation

Lunchao Duan, Hao Yang and Fenghe Wang ()
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Lunchao Duan: School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
Hao Yang: School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
Fenghe Wang: School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 20, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of different lead and cadmium salts (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , Cd(NO 3 ) 2 , PbCl 2 , and CdCl 2 ) on the photolytic degradation of two typical fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin (LVF) and norfloxacin (NOR)) under natural sunlight irradiation. Their half-life time and photolytic kinetic constants ( k ) were calculated at different molar ratios. The results indicated that the photolytic degradation curves of LVF and NOR followed apparent first-order kinetics. After 42 days of sunlight irradiation, approximately 48.3–69.4% of NOR was decomposed when the initial concentration increased from 0.006 to 0.06 mmol/L. In comparison, only 9.8–43.4% of LVF was decomposed. The k of NOR ranged from 0.79 × 10 −3 to 1.30 × 10 −3 h −1 , and the k of LVF increased from 6.82 × 10 −4 to 1.61 × 10 −4 h −1 . Compared with the control, the Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ participation tended to enhance the LVF and NOR photodegradation. The effects of Cd 2+ on the photodegradation efficiency were more significant than those of Pb 2+ . It was inferred that the presence of aqueous NO 3 − obviously suppressed the NOR degradation, but Cl − had slight effects on these two fluoroquinolones’ photodegradation. These results are of importance toward the understanding of the persistence of FQs under natural sunlight irradiation in surface waters.

Keywords: photolytic degradation; levofloxacin; norfloxacin; Pb 2+ /Cd 2+; NO 3 ? /Cl ? (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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