Substance Use and Psychological Distress in Mexican Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña, Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez, Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano, Luis Rodrigo Cifuentes-Andrade, Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez, Guadalupe Castillo-Cardiel, Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona, Enrique Cervantes-Pérez, Gabino Cervantes-Guevara, Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba, José Héctor Sapién-Fernández, José Aldo Guzmán-Barba, Isaac Esparza-Estrada, Paola Flores-Becerril, Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez, Bertha Georgina Guzmán-Ramírez, Andrea Socorro Álvarez-Villaseñor, Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho, Emilio Alberto Reyes-Elizalde, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco and Alejandro González-Ojeda ()
Additional contact information
Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña: Hospital General y Medicina Familiar de Zona No. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64010, Nuevo León, Mexico
Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Luis Rodrigo Cifuentes-Andrade: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Guadalupe Castillo-Cardiel: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona: Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Enrique Cervantes-Pérez: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Gabino Cervantes-Guevara: Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
José Héctor Sapién-Fernández: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
José Aldo Guzmán-Barba: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Isaac Esparza-Estrada: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Paola Flores-Becerril: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Bertha Georgina Guzmán-Ramírez: Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Andrea Socorro Álvarez-Villaseñor: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, La Paz 23060, Baja California, Mexico
Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Emilio Alberto Reyes-Elizalde: Departamento de Traumatología y Ortopedia, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
Alejandro González-Ojeda: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 20, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Objectives: This observational cross-sectional study examined changes in substance use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Mexican population and evaluated whether depression or anxiety was associated with these new consumption patterns. Methods: An online survey was distributed to the general population. Participants were questioned about their demographics, situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and substance consumption patterns. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were used. Results: A total of 866 individuals completed the survey. The mean scores for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were 8.89 ± 6.20 and 3.48 ± 3.22, respectively. The preferred substances were alcohol (19%), tobacco (16.5%), and marijuana (5.6%). Consumption of alcohol ( p = 0.042) significantly increased during the pandemic and it was higher in women than in men ( p = 0.040). Conclusions: Substance use patterns were affected by the pandemic, with an increase in the number of users and consumption rate, as well as the reported psychiatric symptoms.

Keywords: addiction; anxiety; assessment; depression; drug and alcohol use; psychometrics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/716/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/716/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:716-:d:1020825

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().