Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers–Parent (PASTEB–P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research

Andrew F. Clark, Melissa Thomas, Adrian Buttazzoni, Matthew Adams, Stephanie E. Coen, Jamie Seabrook, Danielle Tobin, Trish Tucker and Jason Gilliland ()
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Andrew F. Clark: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Melissa Thomas: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Adrian Buttazzoni: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Matthew Adams: Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto—Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
Stephanie E. Coen: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Jamie Seabrook: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Danielle Tobin: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Trish Tucker: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Jason Gilliland: Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 10, 1-23

Abstract: A child’s ability to participate in active school travel (AST) is complicated by several factors. Of particular note are parental controls, which are informed by their perceptions of the local built and social environments, assessments of their child’s skills, and convenience preferences, among other considerations. However, there is currently a lack of AST-specific scales that include validated parental perception measures related to such notable barriers and enablers, or those that tend to frame their AST decision-making processes. Framed within the social-ecological model of health behaviour, the aims of the present paper were thus threefold, specifically to (1) outline and test the construct validity of measures delineating parental perceptions of barriers and enablers to AST, (2) evaluate the reliability and consistency of the developed measures, and (3) connect these measures to develop broader constructs for use in the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers–Parent (PASTEB–P) questionnaire. To achieve these aims, a mixed-methods approach featuring cognitive interviews and surveys, along with qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (Cohen’s Kappa, McDonald’s Omega, and confirmatory factor analysis) analyses, was applied across two studies. The validation processes of the two studies resulted in the development of fifteen items comprising seven distinct constructs (barriers: AST Skills, Convenience, Road Safety, Social Safety, and Equipment Storage; enablers: Supportive Environment and Safe Environment) related to parental perceptions of AST. The developed PASTEB–P questionnaire can be used to inform and evaluate AST intervention programming and can be applied for AST research purposes.

Keywords: active school travel; children’s health; interventions; parental perceptions; physical activity; questionnaire; school travel planning; validation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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