Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of a Localized Food System and Food Waste Reduction in a Water-Scarce Region Using Diet Optimization Models

Felix Haifeng Liao, Robert Heinse, Darin Saul, Soren Newman, Li Huang (), Colette DePhelps and Steven Peterson
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Felix Haifeng Liao: Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
Robert Heinse: Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
Darin Saul: Arrowleaf Consulting, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
Soren Newman: Arrowleaf Consulting, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
Li Huang: Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
Colette DePhelps: Northern District Extension, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
Steven Peterson: College of Business and Economics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 10, 1-18

Abstract: Despite growing interest in fresh local produce across the United States, scaling up local agricultural development might impose new environmental pressures on increasingly scarce water and land resources in specific localities. Drawing upon the case of the Palouse of the US Inland Northwest, this study evaluates land and water footprints of local foods along with food waste reduction in a water-scarce region. We used both non-robust and robust diet-optimization techniques to estimate the minimum amounts of irrigation water necessary to grow foods locally and to satisfy the local population’s caloric or nutrition needs. Our modeling results indicate that, on an annual basis, an increase of less than 5% of the current freshwater withdrawal on the Palouse could satisfy 10% of the local population’s aspirational demand for locally grown food products, while more than 35% of local foods (by mass) may be wasted. Furthermore, reducing food waste by 50% could simultaneously reduce water use by up to 24%, cropland use by 13%, and pastureland use by 20%. Our findings not only provide intriguing information for access to local food but could also be used to stimulate new efforts to increase consumers’ and retailers’ awareness of environmental benefits associated with food waste reduction.

Keywords: local food; fruits and vegetables; diet optimization; food loss and waste; high-resolution water footprints; Inland Northwest (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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