The Co-Design/Co-Development and Evaluation of an Online Frailty Check Application for Older Adults: Participatory Action Research with Older Adults

Bo-Kyung Son (), Takahiro Miura, Ken-ichiro Yabu, Yuka Sumikawa, Dongyool Kim, Weida Lyu, Yingxue Yang, Moeko Tanaka, Tomoki Tanaka, Yasuyo Yoshizawa and Katsuya Iijima
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Bo-Kyung Son: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Takahiro Miura: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Ken-ichiro Yabu: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Yuka Sumikawa: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Dongyool Kim: Department of Agribusiness Management, Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
Weida Lyu: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Yingxue Yang: Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Moeko Tanaka: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Tomoki Tanaka: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Yasuyo Yoshizawa: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Katsuya Iijima: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 12, 1-14

Abstract: Frailty is an age-related condition characterized by a decline in physical capacity with an increased vulnerability to stressors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable progression in frailty in older adults. Therefore, an online frailty check (FC) is required for continuous screening, especially acceptable to older adults. We aimed to co-design/co-develop an online FC application with FC supporters who were facilitators in a pre-existing onsite FC program in the community. It consisted of a self-assessment of sarcopenia and an 11-item questionnaire assessing dietary, physical, and social behaviors. Opinions obtained from FC supporters (median 74.0 years) were categorized and implemented. The usability was assessed using the system usability scale (SUS). For both FC supporters and participants (n = 43), the mean score was 70.2 ± 10.3 points, which implied a “marginally high” acceptability and a “good” adjective range. Multiple regression analysis showed that the SUS score was significantly correlated with onsite–online reliability, even after adjusting for age, sex, education level, and ICT proficiency (b = 0.400, 95% CI: 0.243–1.951, p = 0.013). We also validated the online FC score, which showed a significant association between onsite and online FC scores (R = 0.670, p = 0.001). In conclusion, the online FC application is an acceptable and reliable tool to check frailty for community-dwelling older adults.

Keywords: online frailty check application; older adults; co-design; co-development; reliability; participatory action research (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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