Dysfunctional Schemas from Preadolescence as One Major Avenue by Which Meaning Has Impact on Mental Health

Nathalie André () and Roy F. Baumeister
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Nathalie André: Research Centre on Cognition and Learning (CeRCA), UMR CNRS 7295, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
Roy F. Baumeister: School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 13, 1-12

Abstract: A main way by which meaning influences mental health is by the formation of interpersonal schemas that specify what to expect from others and how to treat them. Particularly during preadolescence (a developmental phase focused on interpersonal skills), young people living in a stressful or hurtful environment can form atypical schemas that can help them survive but that produce serious problems when later applied to newly forming adult relationships. We provide three case studies illustrating this process. A boy learned to cope by withdrawing from social interaction and excelling in schoolwork. A girl learned to cope by denying her own needs and sacrificing herself for the welfare of others. Another girl coped by pervasive distrust of others and by becoming assertively independent. These children learned well enough to adapt to these dysfunctional relationships so as to suffer as little as possible, and they even developed some personal skills and resources. However, the rigid schemas had a destructive impact on their adult relationships. Proposals for interventions to change meaning and behaviors are discussed.

Keywords: schema; meaning; therapy; maladaptive schema; preadolescence; mental illness (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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