Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments

Leila Soledade Lemos (), Leo Moreira Angarica, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis and Natalia Quinete ()
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Leila Soledade Lemos: Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
Leo Moreira Angarica: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis: Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
Natalia Quinete: Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 13, 1-18

Abstract: Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released during stress responses in most fish and has been employed to investigate different stressors, including organic pollutants. This review discusses shifts in cortisol concentrations and examines different matrix sampling methods (invasive vs. minimally or non-invasive) and the main analytical cortisol determination techniques (immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Assessments on organic pollutant exposure in fish and associated adverse effects are also discussed. Studies in this regard may aid in identifying organic pollutant toxicological modes of action, mechanistic response, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics, as well as pollution sources and associated health risks in fish, ultimately aiding in the development of effective management strategies to mitigate the impacts of organic pollutants on fish populations and their associated ecosystems.

Keywords: glucocorticoid; immunoassays; LC-MS/MS; matrix sampling methods; stress responses; teleost (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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